Smart protective clothing is transforming Flame-Resistant (FR) Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) from a passive barrier into an intelligent safety system. With the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies and embedded sensors such as temperature, gas, motion, and biometric sensors modern PPE can continuously monitor environmental conditions and worker health. This enables early detection of …

Introduction The global flame-retardant textile market, valued at USD 4.94 billion in 2024, is projected to reach USD 7.61 billion by 2035 (CAGR 4.01%). Conventional flame-retardant (FR) finishes rely on high chemical loading (15–30 wt%) that compromises fabric handle, breathability, and durability. Nanotechnology addresses these limitations by engineering ultra-thin, multifunctional coatings at the fiber surface. …