Firefighting has evolved significantly over the last few decades. Today’s firefighters are not only exposed to open flames but also to extreme radiant heat, toxic combustion products, carcinogenic particulates, flashover conditions, hazardous chemicals, structural collapse risks and physiological stress caused by prolonged exposure to high-temperature environments. As operational risks have become more complex, protective clothing …

NFPA 2112, the Standard on Flame-Resistant Clothing for Protection of Industrial Personnel against Short-Duration Thermal Exposures from Fire, outlines minimum performance requirements for garments designed to protect workers from flash fire hazards. One of the critical parameters in this standard is Heat Transfer Performance (HTP). HTP measures the ability of flame-resistant fabrics to resist heat …