Introduction The global flame-retardant textile market, valued at USD 4.94 billion in 2024, is projected to reach USD 7.61 billion by 2035 (CAGR 4.01%). Conventional flame-retardant (FR) finishes rely on high chemical loading (15–30 wt%) that compromises fabric handle, breathability, and durability. Nanotechnology addresses these limitations by engineering ultra-thin, multifunctional coatings at the fiber surface. …

As awareness grows about the impact of chemicals and hazardous substances on human health and the environment, consumers are increasingly seeking assurances about the safety and sustainability of the products they buy. The OEKO – TEX® STANDARD 100 certification assures that textiles are free from harmful chemicals, including potentially toxic flame retardants, which could pose …