Background Aerogels, discovered in the late 1930s by chemist Samuel S. Kistler, are fascinating materials known for their light, airy, and translucent appearance and are considered one of the finest insulation materials available today. Aerogels have pores in the range of less than 100 nm in diameter. This morphology results in an ultra-low-density (about 0.0011 …

When exposed to cold weather, the human body undergoes several physiological changes to maintain its core temperature and adapt to the cold environment. Cooling causes discomfort and impairs physical and mental performance in various ways. Frostbite, hypothermia, and other cold-related injuries can arise from prolonged exposure to cold atmospheric conditions. This can be sudden or …